Prep: Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a large baking sheet with parchment paper. Place the wheel of camembert (in a small oven-safe dish, if needed) in the center of the sheet.
Make the dough: In a large bowl, whisk together flour, yeast, sugar, and salt. Add warm water and olive oil and mix until a shaggy dough forms. Knead 6–8 minutes by hand (or 4–5 minutes with a mixer) until smooth and elastic.
Rise: Lightly oil the bowl, return the dough, cover, and let rise until doubled, about 60 minutes (warm room).
Make the cheese filling: In a bowl, combine shredded mozzarella, Parmesan, cream cheese, minced garlic, and Italian seasoning until evenly mixed.
Shape the rolls: Punch down the dough and divide into 24–28 equal pieces. Flatten each piece, add about 1 teaspoon cheese filling, pinch to seal, and roll into a smooth ball.
Assemble the tree: Arrange the dough balls around the camembert to form a Christmas tree shape (keep them close so they bake together). Tuck 1–2 rosemary sprigs on top of the camembert and drizzle the cheese lightly with olive oil.
Garlic butter + egg wash: Stir melted butter with chopped rosemary and brush generously over the rolls. Whisk the egg with 1 tablespoon water and lightly brush over the rolls for shine.
Bake: Bake 20–25 minutes, until the rolls are golden brown and the camembert is soft and gooey in the center. If the tops brown too quickly, tent loosely with foil for the last few minutes.
Serve: Rest 5 minutes, then garnish with chopped parsley if using. Pull apart the rolls and dip into the melted camembert. Optional: serve with warm marinara or extra garlic butter.