In a large bowl, whisk together the cottage cheese, eggs, and vanilla until mostly smooth (a few small curds are fine).
Add the flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt. Stir gently just until combined—do not overmix.
Stir in the melted butter. Let the batter rest for 5 minutes so it thickens slightly.
Heat a non-stick skillet or griddle over medium to medium-low heat. Lightly butter the surface.
Scoop about 1/4 cup batter per pancake onto the hot pan. Cook 2–3 minutes, until bubbles form on top and the edges look set.
Flip carefully and cook 1–2 minutes more, until golden and cooked through. Transfer to a plate and keep warm.
Repeat with the remaining batter, adding a little more butter to the pan as needed. Serve warm with sweet or savory toppings.