Make-ahead: assemble up to 1 day in advance, cover, and refrigerate. Bake straight from the fridge, adding 10–15 minutes to the covered bake time.
Storage: refrigerate leftovers 3–4 days; reheat until hot throughout. Freeze baked portions up to 2–3 months.
Variations: swap penne for mostaccioli; add sautéed mushrooms, bell peppers, or spinach to the sauce.